PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.